考博英语词汇10000例精解
上QQ阅读APP看书,第一时间看更新

B

baby ['beibi] n. ①婴孩,婴儿;幼畜,幼鸟

【同】infant, kid

a baby elephant小象

②有孩子气的人

Don't be such a baby! 不要这样耍小孩子脾气!

③(团体中)年纪最轻的人

Tom is the baby of the class.

汤姆是班上最年轻的。

bachelor ['bætʃələ(r)] n. ①未婚男子,单身汉②学士

【反】husband

【派】bachelordom, bachelorhood, bachelorism, bachelorship

back [bæk] ad. 向后,在后面;回原处

【同】backward (s)

【反】forward (s)

n. 背,背部;后面,背面

【同】rear

【反】front

a. 后面的

v. 向后退;支持;倒退

【同】support, stand by, advocate, reverse, withdraw, retreat

【习惯用语】①back and forth往返;来回②back to back背靠背 ③behind person's back背着某人

【考题精解】The continuous rain set_____the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.

A. off

B. down

C. out

D. back

【答案】D。set back推迟,延缓;阻碍;(以事物做主语,后面跟双宾语)使花费(如:The cold weather set back the planting by two weeks. The new house set him back a few thousands.)。set off出发,启程;激起,引起,引爆(鞭炮)。set down写下,记下;把……放下。set out动身,启程;开始;摆出;陈述,阐明。

【真题链接】The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.(2002年清华大学考博试题)

A. advanced

B. growing

C. front

D. back

【答案】D。本句中划线的词rear的意思是“后面的、后方的”,与它意思相近的词是“back后面的”。其他选项“advanced高级的,先进的;growing成长的;front前面的”都无此意,因此正确答案为D。

background ['bækɡraund] n. ①背景

【同】circumstances, environment, surroundings This is a photo of Mary with our house in the background.

这是玛丽的照片,背景是我家的房子。

②不显眼的位置

to remain in the background置身于幕后

③背景音乐

background music背景音乐

【习惯用语】①drive [push, throw] into the background (=put in [relegate] to the background)推到幕后,置于次要的地位②in the background在背后,在幕后,作为后果 ③keep [remain] in the background暗中;背地里;在幕后

【考题精解】The election took place against a(n)_____of widespread unemployment.

A. background

B. setting

C. environment

D. circumstance

【答案】A。background n. 背景(如:background music. the grey summit of the mountain against a brilliant background of blue sky. a young man of working-class background. He hasn't the background for the job. background information;remain/keep in the background)。setting n. 环境,背景;故事发生的地方。environment n.自然环境,周围状况。circumstance n. 条件,情况。

backup ['bækʌp] n. ①倒车

②支持

vt. 做备份

【同】n. support, reserve

backward ['bækwəd] a. ①向后的,倒行的

【同】reversed

【反】forward (s)

a backward jerk of her head她猛一回头

②返回的

【同】back

the backward journey回程

③落后的

【同】undeveloped, unprogressive

【反】advanced, developed

The country is still in a backward state.

那个国家仍然处于落后状态。

【习惯用语】backward (s) and forward (s) 来回地,忽前忽后;翻来覆去地;透彻,详尽;熟练

【说明】backward和backwards作副词时可以互换。但只有backward可作形容词。

bacon ['beikən] n. 咸肉,熏肉

bacteria [bæk'tiəriə] n. (pl.) 细菌

【派】bactericide, bacteriology, bacteria-free

bacterium [bæk'tiəriəm] n. 细菌(germ)

bad [bæd] a. ①质劣的

【同】vice, evil, inferior, incapable, inefficient

【反】excellent, kind, friendly, gentle, superior, competent, able

I am bad at English, but she is worse.

我的英语不好,她的英语就更糟了。

②有害的

【同】harmful, unfavorable, severe, serious, grave

【反】favorable, agreeable, advantageous

In given conditions a bad thing can be turned into a good one. 在一定条件下,坏事可以变为好事。

③腐烂的

bad fish腐烂的鱼

【习惯用语】①feel bad about感到抱歉或羞愧 ②go bad变质不能食用 ③go to the bad堕落

The department store was $300,000 to the bad in 1997.那家百货公司在1997年亏损了30万美元。

badge [bædʒ] n. ①徽章,证章

②标记,标识

③票证(note)

badly ['bædli] ad. ①不好;坏;差

【同】evilly

【反】well

He is badly down;something unhappy must have happened to him. 他情绪很不好,一定是发生什么不愉快的事情了。

②大大地

badly beaten in the race比赛中惨败

③非常;极度

【同】seriously, severely, gravely, awfully

She was badly hurt when she fell from the ladder.

她从梯子上跌下来,伤得很厉害。

badminton ['bædmintən] n. 羽毛球

bag [bæɡ] n. ①袋子

【同】sack, pocket, purse, wallet, pocket

②(一人的)猎获物

③一袋之量

【习惯用语】in the bag稳操胜券;十拿九稳的

Don't worry. We’ve got the match in the bag.

别担心,这次比赛我们赢定了。

【派】baggage, bagging

【词义辨析】baggage和luggage baggage指全部行李,luggage指随身带的小件行李。

baggage ['bæɡidʒ] n. ①行李

【同】luggage, suitcases, bags

②(军队的)行装

③活泼调皮的女孩子

【习惯用语】excess baggage超重行李;累赘,负担

bait [beit] n. ①(钓鱼等用的)饵,诱饵

②诱惑物,引诱物

vt. ①装饵于

②故意激怒

bake [beik] vt. ①烘烤

②烧硬,焙干

【同】fire, harden

【派】bakery

【词义辨析】bake, roast, toast, burn, broil, grill和stew

bake:指“烤”,指用烤炉间接烘焙,不与火直接接触。roast:指“烤,烘”,指直接用火烤或在锅中炒焙。toast:指“烘,烤”,指烘成褐色,尤指烘面包,把面包烤黄(脆、热)。burn:指“烤”,有火烧掉、烧伤(焦)、烧糊。broil:指“炙,烤,焙”,指在火架、铁架上或火上直接烤,炙火烤。grill:指“炙烤”,指在烤架上烧烤。stew:指“炖,焖”,在水中慢慢地煮。

bakery ['beikəri] n. 面包房,面包店

balcony ['bælkəni] n. ①阳台(porch)②(剧场)二楼包厢

bald [bɔːld] a. ①秃,秃顶的

【同】hairless

②赤裸裸的,毫不掩饰的

【同】plain

ball [bɔːl] n. ①球;球状物

【同】globe, balloon, dance, assembly

a ball of wool一球毛线

②球类活动(如板球、足球等)

③人体中类似球的部分

the ball of the foot拇趾球

【习惯用语】①get the ball rolling使(活动、讨论等)不中断 (=keep the ball rolling)

②have the ball at one's feet有希望一蹴而就

③on the ball内行;在行

That banker is really on the ball.

那位银行家的确是很在行。

【词义辨析】ball, globe和sphere

ball:主要用于球类、商品或圆形发射物等。

globe:用来指地球和地球仪。sphere:意为“球,球体”,是科学用词。

ballet ['bælei] n. 芭蕾舞(团,剧)

balloon [bə'luːn] n. ①热气球;氢气球

②玩具气球

③球状物;连环画中写有卡通人物对白的圆圈

【习惯用语】the balloon goes up开始行动

Her skirt ballooned out in the wind.

她的裙子被风吹得鼓了起来。

ballot ['bælət] n.(无记名投票)选举,选票

【同】election, vote, poll

banana [bə'nɑːnə] n. 香蕉

band [bænd] n. ①带子

【同】tie, belt, strip, bar, cord, orchestra, group, pack, gang, company

hatband帽带

②镶条

③(无线电广播周率中的)波段;频带

【同】channel

【习惯用语】①beat the band [美俚] [作状语用]精力充沛地,超过一切地;猛烈地,出众,显眼 ②when the band begins to play当事态变为严重时 ③band together结合在一起,团结起来

bandage ['bændidʒ] n. 绷带

【同】dressing

vt. 包扎

bang [bæŋ] vi. 猛敲,猛撞,猛地关上

【同】strike, pound, knock

vt. ①砰地把(门、盖)关上

②发出砰的响声

ad. ①砰地

②突然,蓦然地

【同】suddenly, unexpectedly

n. 爆炸声

banner ['bænə(r)] n. ①旗,旗帜

【同】flag, colors

②书有标语或口号的横幅

③(=banner headline) [美](报纸上)头号标题,横贯全页的大标题

【词义辨析】flag和banner

flag:为普通用词,指国旗、军旗,任何组织的旗帜,或用于天气预报、交通、军事等的信号旗、彩旗以及其他专用旗,多指持在竖杆上的旗。banner:主要指抽象的旗帜,即代表示某种思想或信念的旗帜,也指写有标语、口号的横幅(常见于游行队伍中),多指持在横杆上的旗,现在也用以指国旗、党旗等。

banquet ['bæŋkwit] n. 宴会

【同】feast, dinner

【词义辨析】banquet, feast和dinner

banquet:指正式、盛大、食品精美,并有主客人致辞讲话和祝酒的宴会。feast:指参加人众多、食品丰盛的筵席,场面不如banquet隆重。dinner指一般的宴会,即便餐。

bar [bɑː(r)] n. 棍,棒;门闩;酒吧

【同】band, tie, belt, strip, rod, stick, pub, inn, court, tribunal

vt. 闩上;阻挡

【习惯用语】①behind bars在监狱服刑

②the prisoner at the bar在法庭中受审者

【派】barrier, barricade

【词义辨析】bar, hinder和obstruct

bar:指阻拦或用障碍物阻止通行。hinder:通俗用语,语气轻微,指使某人、物、事的行动减慢、受阻或不可能。obstruct:正式用语,语气最强,指完全被阻塞、无法通行。

【真题链接】A_____of soap and two brightly colored towels were left beside the bath, the women smiled politely at Nicole and withdrew carefully from the room.(2003年中国科学院考博试题)

A. loaf

B. bar

C. stick

D. block

【答案】B。本题空格处是说“一块肥皂”。在英语中,a bar of soap(一块肥皂)是习惯用法,因此B项符合题意,其他搭配都不对。

barbecue ['bɑːbikjuː] n. ①金属烤架

②烧烤野餐

vi. 在烤架上烧烤

barber ['bɑːbə(r)] n. 理发师

【同】haircutter, hairdresser

【习惯用语】do a barber [美俚]讲话讲得很多Every barber knows that. 尽人皆知,家喻户晓。

【词义辨析】barber和hairdresser

barber:通常指为男子理发者。hairdresser:(特指为女子理发的)理发师,美容师。

bare [bɛə(r)] a. 赤裸的,光秃的;仅有的

【同】naked, stripped, undressed, mere, only, sole vt. 裸露,露出

【习惯用语】as bare as the palm of one's hand一无所有,一贫如洗

【考题精解】We existed on nothing but the_____necessities.

A. mere

B. sheer

C. bare

D. scarce

【答案】C。bare a. 仅仅的,勉强的,刚刚够的,最低限度的;赤裸的,光秃秃的,没有覆盖的(如:He earns a bare living by his work. give us the bare facts;the bare necessities of life;fight with bare hands)。mere a. 仅仅的,只不过的;纯粹的。sheer a. 完全的,十足的;极薄的,透明的。scarce a. 缺乏的,不足的;稀少的,罕见的。

barely ['bɛəli] ad. ①仅仅,勉强

【同】hardly, scarcely

②赤裸裸地

bark [bɑːk] n./v. 狗叫,吠叫,大声喊出

【同】snarl, yell

barn [bɑːn] n. 谷仓,饲料仓,牲口棚

【同】store, warehouse

barometer [bə'rɔmitə(r)] n. 气压计

【派】barometric

barrel ['bærəl] n. ①圆木桶

【同】container

②枪管

barren ['bærən] a. ①不毛的,荒芜的

【反】fertile

②(动物)不生育的,(植物)不结果实的

barrier ['bæriə(r)] n. 障碍;栅栏

【同】obstacle, hindrance, blockade, fence, bar

【习惯用语】passport barrier出国限制(某些国家在签发出国护照时所加的障碍)

【考题精解】Deserts and high mountains have always been a_____to the movement of people.

A. restraint

B. barrier

C. handicap

D. disadvantage

【答案】B。barrier (to) n. 屏障;障碍,障碍物(如:A dam is a barrier holding water back. Lack of water is a barrier to the settlement of a region. The country set up trade barriers against imported goods.)。restraint n.(感情、情绪、行为的)抑制,限制,克制。handicap n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;障碍,不利条件。disadvantage (over) n. 不利地位,不利条件。

base [beis] n. ①底;基础

【同】foundation, bottom, foot

A bottle has a flat base. 瓶子有一个平的底。

②起点

【同】found

The base of the thumb is where it joins the hand.拇指的起点是在与手掌接合处。

③基地;本部

【同】center, camp

That company has offices all over the world, but their base is in Paris. 这个公司的办事处遍布全世界,但本部在巴黎。

【派】basement, basic, basis, basically

【词义辨析】base, basis和foundation

base:通常指物体的底部,起支撑作用的部分,也用于抽象的理论基础、事物发展的起点、中心及主要组成部分,也指工业、军事、探险队等所在的基地。basis:通常指抽象的基础或用作比喻。foundation:是指具体或抽象的基础,但它上面的具体建筑要比base上的大、坚实、堂皇,而且foundation在地下,不能看见。foundation用于抽象时,语气比base强,且具有积极意义,指作为进一步发展的基础。

【考题精解】Final grades should be_____on plenty of good evidence.

A. developed

B. given

C. based

D. concentrated

【答案】C。base (on) vt. 把……建立在……的基础上(如:One should base one's opinions on facts. This book is based on a true story. Teaching is an art based on a science.)。develop vt. 发展,形成;开发,研制。concentrate (on) vt. 集中;聚集;浓缩。

【真题链接】Research should continue on controlled nuclear fusion, but no energy program should be premised on its existence until it has proved practical. (2002年中国人民大学考博试题)

A. focused

B. concentrated

C. agreed

D. based

【答案】D。本题意为“我们应该继续可控核聚变的研究,但不能将能源项目建立在其存在的基础上,除非其已被证明可行”。premise作为及物动词,其意思是to base a theory, argument, etc. on an idea, thought, or belief;agree的意思是“达成一致意见”;focus的意思是“关注,集中”;concentrate的意思是“关注,集中”;base的意思是“基于”。所以D项是正确答案。

baseball ['beisbɔːl] n. 棒球(运动)

basement ['beismənt] n. ①地下室,地窖

【同】understructure, cellar

②底座,(建筑物的)底部

【同】base, foundation

【词义辨析】basement和cellar

basement:指地下室,房屋地下层,用来住人、办公或贮藏物品的地方也作为百货商店的地下楼层。cellar用来贮藏蔬菜、煤炭、食物、木材、柴火等物品,也指专用来贮藏酒的地方,称酒窖。

basic ['beisik] a. 基本的,基础的

【同】fundamental, elementary, essential, primary, chief, principal, major, capital, central, base, foundation

【词义辨析】fundamental, basic, elementary和primary

fundamental:说明抽象的事物,并具有更深刻的概念。basic:当说明抽象名词时和fundamental通用,当说明具体事物时,多用basic。fundamental指理想中的需要,basic指实际中的需要。basic用来修饰抽象概念,也可用来强调确切、具体的基础或根基。elementary:指基本的或开始的事物,也指初步的概念和原则,必要的因素及组成部分。primary:在进展顺序中居于首位,意为“最初的”;或指复杂构造中的基础部分,意为“主要的”;还指在重要性方面具有主导地位,意为“最重要的,主要的”。

basin ['beisn] n. ①脸盆;浅盘

【同】sink

②(盛食物用的)圆碗

③潭

basis ['beisis] n. ①基础;根据

【同】base, foundation, root, ground, assumption, reason

What is the basis of your opinion?

你的观点的根据是什么?

②主要部分

The basis of this drink is orange juice.

这种饮料的主要成分是橘子汁。

【长难例句】Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious process without scientific basic.

译文:英语作为一门外语,要想达到一种很熟练的程度并非是一种毫无科学根据的神秘过程。

basket ['bɑːskit] n. ①篮;筐

【同】basketful, bucket

They were carrying several baskets of fruit to the market.

他们正提着几筐水果到市场上去卖。

②(篮球的)球篮

basketball ['bɑːskitbɔːl] n. 篮球,篮球运动

bat [bæt] n. 蝙蝠;球拍

【同】club, stick, pole

【习惯用语】not bat an eyelid不动声色

bath [bɑːθ] n. ①浴盆;浴缸 (=bathtub)

②洗澡水

③洗澡

【同】shower

She had nearly got out of the bath and put on her clothes when the telephone rang.

她刚洗完澡穿上衣服,电话铃就响了。

【习惯用语】a bath of blood浴血;大屠杀

【派】bathe, bathing

bathe [beið] vt. ①游泳

【同】swim

②浸;洗

【同】soak, drain

to bathe a wound洗伤口

③笼罩

bathed in sunlight为阳光所笼罩

【习惯用语】①be bathed in沉浸在(水中或阳光下)②go for a bathe去游泳 ③have [take] a bathe游泳,洗(海水)澡

bathroom ['bɑːθruːm] n. 浴室;盥洗室

【同】cell

②一系列,一套

【同】series, chain, sequence, set

③炮兵连,炮组

battery ['bætri] n. 电池

battle ['bætl] n. 战斗,斗争

【同】attack, campaign, clash

vi. 作战,斗争

【同】fight, struggle

【习惯用语】half the battle成功的一半

bay [bei] n. ①海湾,港湾

【同】harbor

②小间,分隔间

③咆哮

【同】yap, woof, yelp, snap

④喊叫,呼喊

【同】call, cry, scream, shriek

a. 红棕色的

【同】mahogany, chocolate, russet

【词义辨析】gulf和bay

gulf指海湾,比bay大、深,其口较窄,而内部较宽,小港湾称inlet ['inlet]。

be [bi, biː] vi. 是,就是;在,存在

Has anyone been? 有人来过吗?

【习惯用语】①have [has] been (and gone) and [口][表示惊异,烦恼,抗议] 竟然(做出某事)②have been there (before) [俚]曾经亲身经历过,曾经领略过此中滋味③let (him [it]) be [口]随(他[它])去;任(他[它])那样

【派】being

beach [biːtʃ] n. 海滩

【同】shore, coast, bank

【习惯用语】①hit the beach [美俚] [航海] 登陆;上岸 ②on the beach失业;处于困境,船,上岸 ③take the beach(海员)上岸休假

【词义辨析】beach, shore, coast, seaside和bank beach:指倾斜缓和、有沙和小石子的海滨,退潮时变大。shore:指岩石突兀的岸边,也指湖和大河的岸。coast:指海洋与陆地的分界线。seaside:指用作休养的广阔海岸区。bank:多指河岸。

beam [biːm] vi. ①发光,发热

【同】gleam, shine

②传播

③微笑

n. ①光线,光束(道、柱等)

【同】ray, glow, gleam

②梁

【同】bar, timber

③木料

bean [biːn] n. ①豆;豆荚

【同】pea

②可作食物或饮料的豆

coffee beans咖啡豆

③无用的东西

not worth a bean毫无价值

【习惯用语】①full of beans精力充沛;精神饱满 ②spill the beans(无意中)泄露秘密

beard [biəd] n. ①胡须

【同】moustache, whisker

②(麦)芒

vt. 公开反对

【习惯用语】①in spite of sb.'s beard违反某人之意;公然反对某人,故意蔑视某人 ②laugh at sb.'s beard当面嘲笑某人;大言欺人;愚弄某人③laugh in one's beard (玩弄别人后)暗自好笑

【词义辨析】beard, mustache和whiskers

beard:意为“胡须”,是指下巴上有胡子。

mustache:意为“髭”,是指嘴唇上的胡子。

whiskers:意为“连鬓胡子”,但beard也可作“胡子”的总称。

bearing ['bɛəriŋ] n. ①轴承

②忍受,忍耐

③关系,影响

④举止,姿态

【同】deportment, behavior

⑤方向,方位

【同】direction, way, course

【考题精解】The kindly_____of the old man caused all the children to like him.

A. gesture

B. bearing

C. approach

D. posture

【答案】B。bearing n.(可加不定冠词)举止,风度(如:The old judge has a regal〈庄严的〉bearing. The man walked with a confident bearing.)。gesture n. 姿势,手势;(外交等方面的)姿态,表示。approach (to) n. 途径,方式,方法。posture n.(坐立的)姿势,体态。

beast [biːst] n. 兽,牲畜;残忍的人

【同】animal, creature

【习惯用语】①make a beast of oneself行同禽兽,行为卑鄙 ②beast of burden驮载用牲口;驮畜 ③beast of chase [game]可猎兽

beat [biːt] vt. ①连打

【同】strike, hit, bang, pound, knock, defeat, conquer, get the better of

The rain was beating against/on the deck.

雨打在甲板上。

②敲打使成形

③规律性地拍击

to beat a drum击鼓

The heart beats. 心脏跳动。

【习惯用语】①Beat it! 走开! ②beat time打拍子

beautiful ['bjuːtifl] a. ①美丽的

【同】good-looking, charming, appealing, handsome

【反】ugly

What a beautiful day! 多么美丽的一天啊!

②很好的

【词义辨析】beautiful, pretty和handsome

beautiful:指华丽、高雅、优美,多用来描绘女子、花朵、事物和景色等,指物、表演等尽善尽美。pretty:指可爱、小巧精制、优雅、姣好、标致的美,多用于描述妇女、小孩或物,指女人的文雅温柔,指物的小巧玲珑,给人以亲切感,但语气上比beautiful弱。handsome:指外表英俊,体魄匀称健壮,举止端庄,主要用于男人,如用来形容女人时,是指充满活力,体态匀称,有健壮美,而不是指容貌漂亮。

beauty ['bjuːti] n. ①美,美貌

【同】charm, prettiness, elegance

【反】ugliness

a flower of great beauty一朵非常美丽的花

②美人;美的事物

【同】goddess

③极好的(或极坏的)人或事物

because [bi'kɔz] conj. 因为

【同】since, as

I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

He's called‘Ginger’ because of his bright ginger hair. 他长着一头淡黄色的头发,因而被人叫着“黄毛”。

He eats because of greed, not hunger.

他不是因为饿了,而是因为贪嘴才吃的。

【习惯用语】①because of因为;由于;为了(I didn't go out because of rain. 因为下雨,所以我没有出去。)②reason is的后面,人们常用that

【词义辨析】because, as, since和for

because:语气最重,它表示直接、具体原因,回答why。as和since:为已知的原因,因为since的原因已成事实,无须说明,故含有“既然”意义;as和since一般位于首句;since比as正式,语气也强,但比because弱。for:并列连词,也可表示原因,语气最弱,它表示的是间接原因,不能回答why,只是对前一分句结论的推论作些补充说明,因此它只能位于后一分句中,前有逗号分开;for一般不用于口语,为书面语。

become [bi'kʌm] vi. ①变为;成为

【同】turn, grow, go, get

He became king. 他成了国王

②适合;相称

That dress becomes you. 那件衣服很合你身。

become of遭遇;发生

What has become of your uncle?

你叔叔的情况怎么样?

【习惯用语】become of发生;变成;结局是

【词义辨析】become, grow, get, turn和go

上述词作“变成”讲时,均为系动词,后接形容词。become:强调状态转变的结果。grow:强调渐变或成长过程,是向上向大变化,而不是向下向小变化。get:强调短时间变化,或强调进入状态的过程,可变好变坏,变大变小,后常跟比较级。go和turn也有“变成”意思。turn:强调变化的结果,变成完全不同于原来的人或物。go:用于人时常表示“成为”,用于物时表示“变得”。

bed [bed] n. ①床

You should make your bed before you go to school. 你上学之前应该把床铺整理好。

②(苗)床;(花)坛

【同】garden, foundation

③基础

【习惯用语】bed of roses安乐窝

bee [biː] n. 蜜蜂

【习惯用语】a bee in one's bonnet奇怪而固执的想法。He has a bee in his bonnet about the anniversary celebration. 他对于周年庆典有一套古怪的想法。

beef [biːf] n. ①牛肉

【同】steak

②膂力

Put your beef into it! 使劲儿干!;加油干!

③( pl. beeves) 肉用牛

【习惯用语】①beef about抱怨②beef to the heel(s) [俚]身材魁梧,又粗又壮;过分肥胖③beef up [口]加强,补充(人数,兵力)等

beer [biə(r)] n. ①啤酒

②一份啤酒;啤酒杯

③用植物做成的饮料

ginger beer姜汁啤酒

【习惯用语】beer it up喝大量啤酒

before [bi'fɔː(r)] prep. ①在……时间之前

【同】in front of, previously, formerly

【反】behind, after, afterwards

We had scarcely reach the school before it began to rain. 我们刚到学校天就下雨了。

②与其……宁可

He’d die of hunger before he would steal.

他宁愿饿死,也不愿偷窃。

【习惯用语】①before the mast在帆船上

②before one's time超前,太早不为人所接受Darwin was before his time with his ideas. 达尔文思想超越了时代,而不能为当代人所接受。

beforehand [bi'fɔːhænd] ad./a. ①预先

【同】in advance, ahead of time

【反】later, afterward

②过早;匆忙

【习惯用语】be beforehand with事先准备好;先发制人

beg [beɡ] v. ①乞求;乞讨

②恳求

【同】plead, appeal, request

③谨;恕我

I beg to point out that you are wrong.

恕我指出你错了。

【习惯用语】①As good beg of a naked man as a miser. [谚]向守财奴求助,好比向一无所有的人求助。②go beg gang行乞;(商品等)销路不好;(职位等)有空缺 ③I beg (leave) to differ. 恕我不能赞同。

beggar ['beɡə(r)] n. ①乞丐

Let beggars match with beggars.

(谚)龙配龙,凤配凤。

②家伙

【习惯用语】beggar description笔墨难以形容

begin [bi'ɡin] v. 开始

【同】start, undertake, set about to

【反】end, finish, conclude

It began to rain. 天开始下雨。

【习惯用语】to begin with首先;第一点(理由)

We can't go. To begin with, it's too cold.

我们不能去。首先,天太冷了。

beginner [bi'ɡinə(r)] n. 初学者

【同】newcomer, apprentice

【反】expert, veteran

beginning [bi'ɡiniŋ] n. 开始,开端

【同】initiation, start, origin, birth, source

【反】end, conclusion, completion

She knows physiology from beginning to end.

她对生理学这门学科了如指掌。

【习惯用语】①A bad beginning makes a bad ending. [谚]不善始者不善终。②A good beginning is half the battle. 良好的开端是成功的一半。③A good beginning makes a good ending. [谚]欲善其终必先善其始。

behalf [bi'hɑːf] n. 利益,为

【同】benefit, welfare, interest

on behalf of sb. 作为……的代表

Don't trouble to do it on my behalf.

不要为了我去麻烦了。

【习惯用语】①on behalf of代表,为了②on sb.'s behalf以某人的名义;为了某人;代表某人

behave [bi'heiv] vi. ①行为;举止

【同】act, work, run, operate

You behaved despicably! 你的行为真卑鄙!

②守规矩;举止适当有礼

Please behave yourself. 请礼貌点儿。

③(事物)有某种作用

【习惯用语】Behave yourself ! 放规矩点!

【派】behavio (u) ral, behavio(u)rism, behavio (u)-rist

【考题精解】The children will not be allowed to come with us if they don't _____themselves.

A. behave

B. guide

C. care

D. direct

【答案】A。behave oneself检点自己的行为;守规矩;好好做人(其他三个动词一般不跟反身代词)。

behavio(u)r [bi'heivjə(r)] n. 行为,举止

【同】act, conduct, manner, performance, operation

【长难例句】That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.

译文:这种理论的核心是,我们的环境同我们的能力、性格特征和行为,即使有什么关系的话,也是微不足道的。

behind [bi'haind] prep. 在……的后面,落后于

【同】at the back of, after

【反】in front of, before

ad. 在背后;落在后面

【同】backward

【习惯用语】behind the times落伍;赶不上时代

【考题精解】Mary was not promoted because she dreamed too much and fell_____in her lessons.

A. through

B. out

C. behind

D. off

【答案】C。fall/lag behind落后。fall through (计划、工程、交易、合同等)失败,落空,没成功,没实现。fall out脱落;吵架,失和(with sb.)。fall off逐渐减少;(质量、水平)下降。

being ['biːiŋ] n. ①存在;生命

【同】existence, substance

【反】nonexistence

That being the case, we have to cancel off the plan.

情况既然是这样,我们只好取消这个计划了。

②本质

③人;生物

【同】creature

Men, women, and children are human beings.

男人、女人和孩子都是人。

【习惯用语】for the time being暂时;目前

belief [bi'liːf] n. ①信任

【同】trust, faith, conviction

【反】distrust, unbelief

②相信

③所相信的事物;信仰

【同】faith

【反】disbelief

That man has a strong belief in God.

那个男子虔诚地信仰上帝。

【习惯用语】beyond belief无法令人相信;令人难以置信

【词义辨析】belief, confidence, credit, faith和reliance

belief:意为“相信”,词义较广,指对某事物在思想上承认或接受其真实性,至于确凿的证据可有可无,并不影响这种相信。confidence:意为“信心,自信,信念,信任”,指对自己或自己的能力非常自信,也指基于经验而对事物有把握;还指人与人之间推心置腹的信任。一般这些信任都是有一定证据基础的。credit:意为“相信,信誉”,信任的含义较弱,是特指由于某人具有令人信服的名望,因而他所提出的事或他本人受到信任。faith:意为“信任,信仰,信念”,指有充分确凿的证据或充足的理由而相信,因此常表现为彻底信赖或完全的信心,有时也指超越事实根据的信念。reliance:意为“信任,信赖,依靠”,不仅指心理或感觉上的信任,而且也指在行动上客观表现出来的信赖乃至依靠。

【真题链接】I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality.(2013年社科院考博试题)

A. belief

B. culpability

C. offense

D. therapy

【答案】A。conviction意为“坚定的信念(或主张)”;A项belief意为“信念,坚定的看法”;B项culpability意为“应受责备的,难辞其咎的”;C项offense意为“犯罪”;D项therapy意为“(非药物、非手术的)疗法,治疗”。因此选择A项。

believe [bi'liːv] vt. ①有坚定的宗教信仰②相信;信任

【同】trust

【反】disbelieve, distrust

I don't believe you. 我不信你说的话。

③认为;想

【同】think, consider, hold

Mr. Smith was believed to be an accessory to the murder. 史密斯被认为是该谋杀案的从犯。

【习惯用语】①make believe [废]使人相信;假装;幻想We soon believe what we desire.

[谚]自己希望的事,自己最容易相信。

②believe in信任,相信;信仰(真理等);信奉(宗教等)支持;赞成,认为应该

③Believe it or not. [口]信不信由你。

【派】believer, believable, unbelievable, disbelieve, disbelief

bell [bel] n. ①钟;铃

【同】ring, doorbell

②钟声

③钟形之物

【习惯用语】as sound as a bell健康;情况极佳

belly ['beli] n. ①肚子,腹部

【同】stomach

②(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分,膛

【同】swelling

【派】bellyful, bellyache, bellying, belly-laugh

belong [bi'lɔŋ] vi. ①合适;对……合适或有用A telephone belongs in every home.

电话对每户家庭都有用。

②处在适当的位置

That chair belongs in the other room.

那把椅子应放在另一个房间。

【派】belongings

beloved [bi'lʌvd] a. 敬爱的,被钟爱的

【同】loved, favorite, preferred

below [bi'ləu] prep. 在……下面,低于……

【同】beneath, under

【反】above, over

ad. 在下面

【同】beneath

【习惯用语】①as below如下 ②be below [sb., sth.] 低于;不如;级别低于(某人),【航海】在舱内③down below在底下(如在楼下、甲板下、地面下等,视上下文而定);在地狱中

belt [belt] n. ①腰带

【同】tie, hand, strip, bar

I need a belt to keep up my trousers.

我需要一条腰带系裤子。

②传动带;(机器)皮带

③特殊的地带

【同】area, region, zone, district

the Corn Belt

(产)小麦(或玉米)的地带

【习惯用语】①below the belt拳击手腰带以下部位(击此部位为犯规行为);不正当地②hit [strike, tackle] below the belt暗中伤人;不择手段;作不公平的攻击 ③hold the belt (在体育运动中)夺得锦标

bench [bentʃ] n. ①长凳

【同】chair, seat

②法官席

③法官或全体法官

bend [bend] v. ①弯曲;使弯曲

【同】twist, curve, wind, submit, yield

【反】straighten, stiffen

The stream bends to the west. 这条小河折向西边流去。

②倾;使倾向

③专心于

He bent his mind to the job. 他专心于他的工作。

【习惯用语】①round the bend发疯 ②bend before屈服;顺从

【词义辨析】bend和curve

bend:指变成圆圈形或弧形。curve:指稍稍弯曲,呈曲线状,有时也指弧形。

beneath [bi'niːθ] prep. ①在……之下;紧靠……底下

【同】below, under

【反】above, over

Shall we rest in the shade beneath these trees?

我们在树荫下休息一下好吗?

②与……不相称;不值得

beneficial ['beni'fiʃ(ə)l] a. 有益的,有利的

【同】helpful, profitable, rewarding, advantageous

【反】harmful

【词义辨析】beneficial和advantageous

beneficial:指对人的身心、健康或事业有好处、有帮助,后接to。advantageous:指物质上“占优势,有利”,或使“情况变好”的有利条件,也接to。

【考题精解】I find this treatment very_____to my health.

A. advisable

B. invaluable

C. beneficial

D. worthy

【答案】C。beneficial (to) a.(对……)有益的,有利的。advisable a. 明智的,可取的(注:在It is advisable that sb. do sth. 中,从句谓语需用虚拟语气)。invaluable a. 无价的,非常宝贵的,极为贵重的。worthy (of) a. 值得的,配得上的;有价值的;可尊敬的。

benefit ['benifit] n. ①利益;好处

【同】good, advantage, interests, profit

It is said Yoga is of great benefit to human health.

据说瑜伽对人体健康有极大好处。

②(pl.) 救济金

【习惯用语】①for the benefit of为了……的好处 ②give sb. the benefit of one's experience [knowledge] 用自己的经验 [知识] 帮助某人③give sb. the benefit of the doubt [律] 由于罪证不足而假定某人无罪;对某人有所怀疑但仍作出对他有利或较宽大的决定;在没有相反的证据以前暂时相信他的话

【派】beneficial, beneficiary

【长难例句】There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees on what constitutes a benefit to an individual.

译文:科学家和医务人员中普遍存有一种错误的观点,即在人们对福利问题上都持一致的观点。

【考题精解】One can_____even from one's unpleasant experiences.

A. obtain

B. earn

C. benefit

D. develop

【答案】C。benefit (from/by) vi. 得益于,受益于;vt. 有益于(如:I benefited from/by my father's advice. The new hospital will benefit the entire community.)。obtain vt. 获得,得到。earn vt. 挣得,赚得,获得。develop from从……发展而来。

benign [bi'nain] a. ①善良的,慈祥的②(肿瘤等)良性的,无危险的

beside [bi'said] prep.①在……近旁;在……旁边

【同】alongside, by, near

②和……相比

Beside yours our contributions count for little.

与你们的贡献比较起来,我们的算不了什么。

【习惯用语】①beside the point离题To build another skyscraper in the city is beside the point.在该城市再盖一座摩天大楼的问题不必谈了。②beside oneself (with) 几乎发狂The children were beside themselves with excitement. 孩子们激动得发狂。

besides [bi'saidz] ad. 此外,而且

【同】in addition, also, additionally

prep. 除……以外(还)

【同】in addition to, apart from, except for

【习惯用语】beside oneself不知所措;精神错乱,为某事而忘形

besiege [bi'siːdʒ] vt. ①围攻,围困

【同】surround, blockade

②围住,拥在……周围

【真题链接 1】In charge of an army of seven-thousand men, he_____the oriental city for nine months and finally defeated it.(2002年复旦大学考博试题)

A. intruded

B. haunted

C. besieged

D. possessed

【答案】C。本题后半句是说“他包围东方人的城市9个月,最后攻克了它”。C项的“besiege围攻,包围”符合题意。如:Troy was besieged by the Greeks for ten years.(特洛伊城被希腊人围攻了10年。)其他三项“intrude侵略,侵入;haunt常去,出没;possess占有,持有”都不正确。

【真题链接 2】Upon arrival in the city they were shocked to learn that all surviving hospitals were still being_____by crowds of casualties needing treatment.(2006年厦门大学考博试题)

A. enclosed

B. embarrassed

C. besieged

D. penetrated

【答案】C。本题空格处是说“所有幸存下来的医院依旧被成群需要治疗的伤员团团围住”。四个选项中,A项enclosed的意思是“放入封套,装入,围绕”,B项embarrassed的意思是“使困窘,使局促不安;阻碍,麻烦”,C项besieged的意思是“围困,围攻,包围”,D项penetrated的意思是“穿透,渗透,看穿,洞察”。根据题意,C项为正确答案。

best [best] a. 最好的

ad. 最好地;最,极

【习惯用语】the best part of大部分的I stayed the best part of a week. 我待了大半个星期。

bet [bet] v. 赌,打赌

【同】stake, gamble, risk

n. 打赌;赌注

【同】stake

【习惯用语】①accept [take up] a bet同意与别人打赌 ②best bet [美俚] 最好的措施;最好的抉择 ③even bet胜负机会相等的打赌;成败机会相等

betray [bi'trei] vt. ①出卖,背叛

【同】give away, desert, abandon

②暴露,泄露

【同】reveal, disclose, expose

【派】betrayal

【真题链接】They are no longer on speaking terms because she_____his confidence.(2011年南京大学考博试题)

A. exposed

B. destroyed

C. proved

D. betrayed

【答案】D。各选项的意思是:exposed曝光,显露,揭露;destroyed破坏,毁灭,消灭;proved证明,检验;betrayed背叛,泄露。be not on speaking terms意为“不再说话”。根据句意可知,答案是D。

better ['betə(r)] a. 较好的,更好的

ad. 较好地,更好地

【习惯用语】①be better than one's word做的多于所许诺的 ②a better part of过半I haven't seen my tutor for the better part of a month! 我已经大半个月没见到导师了!

between [bi'twiːn] prep. ①在……之间

【同】among, amid

It is something between a jug and a vase.

这东西既像瓦罐,又像花瓶。

②连接……

a train service between Leeds and Liverpool利兹和利物浦之间的列车

③由……协力合作

Between us we managed to finish the job.

我们俩合作设法把工作完成了。

【习惯用语】①between ourselves [you and me]我们之间的秘密 ②in between在中间,在……之间挡路

beverage ['bevəridʒ] n. 饮料

【同】drink

beware [bi'wɛə(r)] v. 当心,谨防

【同】be careful, be cautious, be wary, look out, watch out

bewilder [bi'wildə(r)] vt. 使迷惑,使糊涂

【同】confuse, puzzle, perplex, mystify

【反】explain

【派】bewilderment, bewildering

beyond [bi'jɔnd] prep. ①在(到)……较远的一边

【同】outside, above, after

What lies beyond the mountains?

山的那一边有什么?

②晚于;超过

This work is beyond my grasp.

这件工作非我力所能及。

Don't stay there beyond midnight.

不要过了午夜还留在那儿。

③为……所不能及;多于;超出

Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.

我看不懂这篇文章。

【习惯用语】It is beyond me. [口]我能力所不及;我不能理解。①beyond sb. 为某人所不能理解 ②beyond oneself精神错乱;忘形;失态

【考题精解】It’s_____my power to make final decision on the matter.

A. off

B. outside

C. above

D. beyond

【答案】D。beyond超出,超过(能力、范围),无法,不容;在远处那边,远于(如:The explanation is beyond me. 这个解释我不懂。It's beyond me to say why. To do this is quite beyond my power.其他有用的短语如:beyond control/belief/comprehension/words/dispute/reproach/doubt/question/description/all praise/the possibility of recovery/the help of the doctor表示“超过……能力”;不与其他三个介词连用)。

bias ['baiəs] n. ①偏见

【同】prejudice, unfairness

②种族主义

【同】racialism, xenophobia, chauvinism

③影响

【同】power, sway, rule, authority

④意愿

【同】liking, fondness, taste, predilection

⑤歧视

【同】prejudice, intolerance, unfairness

v. ①歪曲,使……带上色的

【同】distort, twist

②倾向,爱好

【同】dispose, influence, persuade

bible ['baibl] n. 圣经

【同】Scripture

bibliography ['bibli'ɔɡrəfi] n. ①(有关某一专题的)书目

②参考书目

bicycle(=bike) ['baisikl] n. 自行车

【同】bike, cycle

big [biɡ] a. ①大的;重大的;重要的

【同】huge, enormous, tremendous, vast, important, considerable, major

【反】tiny, insignificant

This computer has one big failing.

这台计算机有一个大缺点。

②量大的

There was a big choice of hotels in the small seaside town.

这个海滨小镇上有好多旅店可供挑选。

③(常与with连用)怀孕的(女人)

big with child怀有身孕

【习惯用语】have big ideas想要做大事的

【词义辨析】big, large和great

big:指体积、规模、面积、重量、范围、程度之大,可指人。large:多指面积、容积、范围、数量之大,一般可与big互换,但不如big口语化,但在正式场合更多用large,不常指人。big与little相对,large与small相对。great:意为“巨大的,伟大的”,有惊人的、宏伟的、给人深刻印象的含义,它可指具体事物面积、体积之大,也可指抽象事物程度之深、大,并含有感情色彩,使人产生惊奇、兴奋、敬佩、恐怖等感觉。

bilateral [bai'lætərəl] a. 双边的,双方的

【同】two-sided, mutual

【派】bilaterally, bilateralism

【真题链接】The two delegates had an in-depth exchange of views on how to enhance their______cooperation.(2002年中国人民大学考博试题)

A. ethical

B. bilateral

C. mandatory

D. subsidiary

【答案】B。本题意为“两位代表就如何加强双边合作深入交换了意见”。bilateral的意思是双边的,如:a bilateral agreement(双边协定)。其他三项“ethical道德的,伦理的;mandatory强制的,托管的;subsidiary辅助的,补充的”都与题意不符,因此正确答案为B。

billion ['biljən] n.(美)十亿,(英)万亿

【长难例句】But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.

译文:但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前的形状和结构。

bin [bin] n. ①垃圾箱

②大贮藏箱

binary ['bainəri] a. ①二进位的

②双

【同】double, twofold, paired

bind [baind] vt. ①捆,包扎

【同】attach, fasten, wrap

【反】unloose

②装订

【同】chain

③约束

【同】confine

④使凝固

vi. ①变硬,凝固

【同】harden, solidify

②使尽义务

【词义辨析】bind和tie

bind:表示用绳或带把人或物紧紧地捆绑在一起。

tie:常指固定一端,用另一端或两端来“系,束”。

biography [bai'ɔɡrəfi] n. 传记

【同】journal

【派】biographical(ly), autobiography

biology [bai'ɔlədʒi] n. ①生物学

【同】zoology

to study biology研究生物学

②生态

the biology of bacteria细菌的生态

【派】biologist, microbiology

bionics [bai'ɔniks] n.<美> 仿生学

bird [bəːd] n. ①鸟

a bird of passage一只候鸟

②少女;姑娘;人

③嘘声

They gave the actor the bird. 他们对那个演员吹嘘。

【习惯用语】①birds of a feather同类的人;一丘之貉 ②early bird早起早到的人 ③kill two birds with one stone一举两得,一箭双雕

birth [bəːθ] n. ①出生;诞生

He weighed 10 pounds at birth.

他出生时有10磅重。

②分娩;生产

Lorna gave birth to a daughter yesterday.

昨天洛娜生了一个女孩。

③出身;身世

【同】blood, ancestry, origin, beginning, appearance, showing

French by birth法国血统

【习惯用语】①by birth在血统上;生来,天生地 ②give birth to生,产生;引起;造成③second birth复兴,再生

【考题精解】The Chinese nation has given_____to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.

A. rise

B. place

C. birth

D. forth

【答案】C。give birth to生出,产生(如:She gave birth to three children. Exchanges of surplus products between individuals gave birth to private property.)。give rise to引起,导致,是……的原因。give place to让位给,把座位让给。give/send forth(直接跟宾语)发出。

birthday ['bəːθdei] n. 生日

【同】anniversary

biscuit ['biskit] n. ①饼干

②(陶、瓷器的)素坯

【习惯用语】take the biscuit前所未见或前所未闻的最好(最坏)的事

bit [bit] n. ①小块;少许

【同】grain

an interesting bit of news一则有趣的新闻

②片刻

Wait a bit! 稍等片刻!

【习惯用语】①a bit (of) 有点;稍微I asked her to give me a hand but she's being a bit bolshy about it. 我请她过来帮忙,但她却有点不乐意。②a bit (of) 一点儿也(不) I'm not a bit tired now. 我现在一点儿也不累。

bite [bait] v. ①咬

【同】snap, cut

My monkey doesn't bite. 我的猴子不咬人。

②咬成(某种状态)

【同】pierce

The dog has bitten a hole in my trousers.

狗把我的裤子咬了一个洞。

③(虫)叮

【同】wound, mouthful

The mosquitoes are biting me. 蚊子叮我。

【习惯用语】①bite one's lips掩饰愤怒或不快②bite sb.'s head off斥责 ③bite the dust被杀;一败涂地

bitter ['bitə(r)] a. ①有苦味的;苦的

【同】suffering, painful, harsh, tough

【反】sweet

bitter fruit苦果

②刺痛的(寒冷,风等)

【同】biting, piercing

a bitter wind刺骨的风

③痛苦的;悲伤的

a bitter disappointment痛苦的失望

【习惯用语】to the bitter end到底;到最后

bizarre [bi'zɑː(r)] a. 稀奇古怪的,异乎寻常的

【同】abnormal, egregious

black [blæk] a. ①黑色的

【同】dark

【反】white, bright, brilliant

a black dog黑狗

The boy had a black eye after the fight. 男孩打架之后,眼眶被打成青黑色。

②不加牛奶或奶油的(咖啡)

③黑色人种的

a black scientist黑人科学家

④暗淡的;阴郁的;悲惨的

【习惯用语】①in the black(银行存款)有盈余Our account is nicely in the black this month. 我们的账上本月颇有盈余。②as black as a crow [raven, sloe]极黑,漆黑 ③as black as coal [ebony, ink, jet, soot] 墨黑,极黑④beat sb. black and blue把某人打得青一块紫一块

blackboard ['blækbɔːd] n. 黑板

blackmail ['blækmeil] vt. 敲诈,勒索,要挟

n. 敲诈,勒索,要挟

blade [bleid] n. ①刀片,刀刃

【同】edge, cutter, knife, sword

②叶片

【同】leaf

③翼,桨叶

blame [bleim] vt. 责备,责怪

【同】scold, condemn, accuse, attribute a fault to

【反】praise, honor

n. 责任,过失

【同】accusation, misdeed, shortcoming, fault, responsibility

【习惯用语】be to blame应受谴责

The children were not to blame.

孩子们不应受到谴责。

【词义辨析】blame, condemn, criticize和reproach blame:意为“责备、责怪、指责”,原意是对某人或某事加以责备、非难,是praise的反义词,但有时则表示对错误言行的强烈诋毁或谴责,还可指将责任归咎于某人或某事。condemn:意为“谴责,宣告有罪”,含有强烈批评的含义,指最终的决定或判决,有时还指完全不利、冷酷无情的(随便的)评价或判决。criticize:意为“批评,批判,评论”,主要表示识别某人或某物的优缺点,也常表示挑剔或非难,指出缺点,对人或事作出不利判断。reproach:意为“责备,指责”,表示因个人的不满、悲伤或怨恨而严厉指责他人,甚至挑剔、找茬。

【考题精解】The managing director took the_____for the accident, although it was not really his fault.

A. guilt

B. blame

C. charge

D. accusation

【答案】B。blame n.(过错,事故的)责任;责怪,责备(句型:put/lay/bring the blame on sb. 怪在某人身上;The blame rests on sb. 责任在某人;take the blame on oneself for sth./bear the blame for sth. 承担……的责任)。guilt n.罪,罪责。charge n. 作“罪名,指控”解时不与take搭配;take charge of sth. 表示“对……负责,接管”的意思。accusation n. 指责,控告(不能说take accusation for sth.)。

【真题链接】The local authorities seemed to_____for the accident taking place last week.(2002年上海交通大学考博试题)

A. share

B. take

C. criticize

D. blame

【答案】D。本题空格处是说,应对发生的事故受到谴责。be to blame的意思是“应受谴责”;share的意思是“分享”;take for的意思是“以为”;criticize的意思是“批评”。四个选项中只有D项符合题意。

blank [blæŋk] a. ①空白的

【同】empty, vacant, emptiness, form

【反】filled, occupied

a blank page空页

Write your name, address and telephone number in the blank spaces at the top of the page. 在这一页顶的空白处写上你的姓名、地址和电话号码。②无表情的;漠然的;无兴趣的

【同】expressionless

a blank look茫然的一瞥

【习惯用语】draw a blank没有成功;落空

【考题精解】When Tom was doing his French translation, he left_____for all the words he did not know.

A. vacancies

B. brackets

C. spaces

D. blanks

【答案】D。blank n. 空白,空白处。vacancy n.空缺(职位);(暂无人住的)空房;没有表情。bracket n. 括号;等级段,档次。space n. 空地;空间,太空;篇幅;间隔,距离。

blanket ['blæŋkit] n. ①毛毯

【同】quilt, carpet

②厚的覆盖物

【同】layer

a blanket of mist一层雾

【习惯用语】①a wet blanket浸湿的毯子(用于灭火等);扫兴的事,扫兴的人 ②born on the wrong side of the blanket私生的

California blankets [美俚](失业者用的)代毯子用的报纸 ③put [throw] a wet blanket on使……扫兴,对……泼冷水

blast [blɑːst] n. ①一阵(风),一股(气流)

【同】wind, current, storm

②爆炸,爆破

【同】explosion, burst

vt. ①爆炸

【同】explode, blow up, burst

②摧毁

【同】destroy

blaze [bleiz] n. ①火焰,烈火

【同】fire, outburst, glow, glare

②强烈的光,光辉

【同】brilliance, effulgence

③(感情等)爆发,激发

④刻痕

【同】notch, marking

vt. ①(使)熊熊燃烧

【同】burn, burst into flames, light

②发出强烈的光,照耀

【同】flash, glow

bleak [bliːk] a. ①没有希望的,凄凉的

②荒凉的

③寒冷刺骨的

bleed [bliːd] vi. ①流血

【同】lose blood, flow, leak

The cut on my arm bled for a long time.

我胳膊上的伤口流了好长时间的血。

②(指内心)悲痛

My heart bleeds for those poor children.

[喻]那些可怜的孩子使我难过极了。

③放血;取血

【习惯用语】①make sb. bleed使某人忍痛出钱,敲诈吝啬者的钱 ②bleed inwardly极度伤痛,忧愁,伤心 ③bleed (sb.) white花光或用尽(某人、某国的)金钱,使(某人)流尽鲜血,榨尽(某人的)血汗

blend [blend] vt. 混合,混杂

【同】mingle, combine, mix

【反】sort, separate

n. ①混合,融合

②混合物

【派】blender

bless [bles] vt. 保佑,赐福

【同】favor, grant

【派】blessing

blind [blaind] a. ①瞎的

【同】sightless, visionless

He is blind in one eye. 他的一只眼睛瞎了。

②为盲人的

【同】thoughtless, ignorant, make eyeless a blind school盲人学校

③不理解的;不关心的

He is blind to the effect of his actions.

他不了解他的行为可能带来的后果。

【习惯用语】①turn a blind eye (to) 不去注意To our surprise, the headmaster turned a blind eye to the bad behaviour of his pupils. 使我们惊讶的是,校长对他们学校学生们的坏行为居然熟视无睹。②the blind leading the blind无知的人开导更无知的人

【派】blindness, blindly

block [blɔk] n. ①块,片(木、石等)

【同】chunk, lump, obstacle, barrier, jam, stop, hinder, prevent

②一组;一批;一套

a block of seats in a theatre剧院中的一组座位

③木刻版;金属刻版;印模

④街区,障碍(物)大厦

vt. 障碍,阻塞,阻碍

【习惯用语】knock sb.'s block off痛打某人

【考题精解】You can't leave the city;all the roads are_____by snow.

A. covered

B. blocked

C. filled

D. burdened

【答案】B。block vt. 堵塞,阻塞;封锁。cover vt. 盖,覆盖;包括,涉及。fill vt. 填满,使充满。burden vt. 加负担于,使承受。

【真题链接】Trees that_____the view of the oncoming traffic should be cut down.(2003年上海交通大学考博试题)

A. block

B. inhibit

C. spoil

D. alter

【答案】A。本题中,A项的“block妨碍”符合题意,如:Recently the professor often has a memory block.(近来教授常常出现记忆不起的情况。)其他三项“inhibit抑制;spoil损坏;alter改变”都不正确。

blood [blʌd] n. 血液;血统

【同】birth, ancestry, descent

【习惯用语】①bad blood敌意;不和;恶感。There is bad blood between them. 他们之间感情不和。②new blood新成员 ③in cold blood残酷而蓄意地

bloody ['blʌdi] a. ①流着血的,有血的

【同】bleeding

②血腥的,残忍的

【同】cruel, inhuman

bloom [bluːm] n. ①花

【同】flower, blossom, bud, thrive, prosper, flourish

What beautiful blooms! 多么美丽的花啊!

②果霜;粉衣

【习惯用语】in the bloom of最佳时期

blossom ['blɔsəm] n. ①(树或灌木丛的)花(簇)

②开花时期

【同】bloom, flower

③兴旺时期,青春

【同】heyday, peak, youth

vi. ①开发,(降落伞)展开

②(into)发展

③繁荣,兴旺

【同】develop, flower, bloom

blouse [blauz] n. 女衫,童衫

blow [bləu] v. ①吹;吹动

【同】puff, pant, breathe, hit, strike, shock

【反】blessing

The wind has blown my hat off.

风把我的帽子刮走了。

②吹气

③吹成;把……吹成形

to blow glass吹玻璃

【习惯用语】①blow hot and cold (about) 出尔反尔;反复无常 ②blow one's own horn自夸;自吹自擂 ③blow one's top大发雷霆

blue [bluː] a. ①蓝色的

a blue dress蓝色衣服

②沮丧的;忧郁的

【同】unhappy, depressed, dispirited

I'm feeling rather blue today. 我今天觉得很沮丧。

【习惯用语】①shout blue murder大声诉苦

②till one is blue in the face永远不会成功

blueprint ['bluːprint] n. 蓝图

blunder ['blʌndə(r)] v. ①踉踉跄跄地走

【同】stumble, stagger

②(因无知、粗心等而)犯大错

【同】err, make a mistake

n. 大错

【同】mistake, error

【派】blunderer

【真题链接】I think that I committed a_____in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.(2011年四川大学考博试题)

A. blunder

B. revenge

C. reproach

D. scandal

【答案】A。在给出的选项中:blunder“错误”,与commit搭配,表示犯错误;revenge“报仇,仇恨”;reproach“责备,责骂”;scandal“丑闻”。根据句意和各个选项的意思可知,正确答案是A。

blunt [blʌnt] a. ①(刀子)钝的,不锋利的

②迟钝的

③直率的,坦白的

【同】outspoken, candid, frank

blur [bləː(r)] n. 模糊,模糊的东西

v.(使)变模糊

【同】obscure

【反】clear

blush [blʌʃ] vi. 脸红,羞愧,觉得难为情

n. 脸红,难为情

boast [bəust] v. ①自夸

【同】brag, be proud of, exaggerate, glory, bragging

He's just boasting. 他只是在吹嘘罢了。

②有……可以夸耀

This village boasts three shops.

这个村庄以有三家商店而自豪。

n. 自夸,自负;引以为傲的东西

Talent is his boast. 他自夸有才。

【习惯用语】①Great boast, small roast.[谚]说得多,做得少。②make a boast of sth. 夸耀某事 ③without boasting不是自夸(用于插入语)

【派】boastful

【考题精解】Our school_____a big library,several up-to-date laboratories and a fine swimming pool.

A. enjoys

B. appreciates

C. boasts

D. claims

【答案】C。boast vt. 夸口说,吹嘘;自豪地拥有(如:The library boasts 500 new volumes. He boasts that he is one of the best shots in the country.)。enjoy vt. 享受,享有。appreciate vt. 重视,欣赏;为……表示感激。claim vt. 声称,主张。

boat [bəut] n. ①小船

【同】craft, vessel, row

a fishing boat渔船

a sailing boat帆船

a rowing boat游艇

②船的通称

Are you going by boat or by air?

你是搭船去,还是乘飞机去?

【习惯用语】①in the same boat同处困境

②rock the boat惹事;捣乱

body ['bɔdi] n. ①身体;肉体

【同】creature, figure, trunk, text, core, substance

You can imprison my body but not my mind.

你可以禁锢我的身体,却束缚不了我的心灵。

②躯体;躯干

a wound on his leg and another on his body

一处伤在他腿上,另一处在躯干上

③尸体

Where did you bury his body?

你把他的尸体埋在哪里了?

【习惯用语】①A little body often harbours a great soul. [谚]人小志大;伟大的灵魂常寓于短小的躯体;伟大不在身材的高低。②give body to实现,使……具体化 ③in a body全体;一道

【派】bodily

boil [bɔil] vi. ①煮沸

【同】bubble, heat, steam

Peter boiled the kettle. 彼得把壶里的水烧开了。

②煮

Boil the potatoes for 20 minutes. 把土豆煮20分钟。

③煮成某种状态

soft-boiled eggs煮嫩的蛋

【习惯用语】make sb.'s blood boil使某人怒气冲天

【派】boiling

bold [bəuld] a. ①大胆的;勇敢的;冒险的

【同】fearless, daring, courageous, aggressive

【反】cowardly, timid

a very bold action大胆的行动

②醒目的;雄浑的;突出的

【同】evident

a drawing done in a few bold lines

用几笔粗线条构成的画

【习惯用语】as bold as brass鲁莽;厚颜无耻

It is hardly believable that such a pretty young lady is as bold as brass. 真是难以置信,这样一位年轻漂亮的太太竟然如此厚颜无耻。

【考题精解】After lunch I felt_____enough to ask my boss for a raise.

A. strong

B. bold

C. calm

D. urgent

【答案】B。bold a. 勇敢的,无畏的;冒失的。strong a. 强壮的,强有力的。calm a. 镇静的,镇定的;平静的,无风的。urgent a. 紧急的,急迫的,催要的。

bolt [bəult] n. ①闪电,霹雳

【同】lightning, stroke

②销,门闩

【同】lock, latch, peg

③螺栓

v. 逃走

bomb [bɔm] n. ①炸弹

【同】blow up, attack

a time bomb定时炸弹

②原子弹

Has the country got the bomb now?

那个国家现在有原子弹吗?

【习惯用语】①spend a bomb花了许多钱(=cost a bomb)②(go) like a bomb(车)快速(行驶);非常成功

My new car goes like a bomb.

我的新汽车开起来好极了。

bone [bəun] n. 骨,骨骼

【习惯用语】①all skin and bone极瘦的,皮包骨的 ②cut to the bone大力削减The bus service has been cut to the bone. 公共汽车的服务已经削减到不能再少的地步了。③feel in one's bones坚信;确信

book [buk] n. ①书;书籍

【同】manual

He is reading a book now. 他现在正在读一本书。

②卷;篇

【同】edition, volume, reserve, register

③簿册

a book of account账簿

【习惯用语】①make (a) book on下赌注

②throw the book at重罚;严罚

【派】bookish, booking, booklet

【考题精解】It's a very popular play, and it would be wise to_____seats well in advance.

A. preserve

B. book

C. buy

D. take

【答案】B。book vt. 预订,订(票、房间等)。preserve vt. 保护,维持;保存,保藏;腌渍。buy vt. 买,购买。take vt. 拿,带。

bookcase ['bukkeis] n.书橱,书架

【同】bookshelf, bookstand

boost [buːst] v. 提升,增加,提高

【同】promote, increase, raise, advance

n. 提升,增加,提高

【同】promotion, increase, raise, advance

【考题精解】Seeing the commander in the very frontline_____the fighting spirit of the soldiers.

A. inspired

B. hoisted

C. boosted

D. magnified

【答案】C。boost vt. 推动,激励;提高,使增长;宣扬(boost the morale(士气)of the fighters;boost the spring cultivation)。inspire vt.鼓舞,激起;给……以灵感(注:以人作宾语,如:inspire sb. to+动词原形;inspire sb. to greater efforts)。hoist vt. 举起,升起;(用吊车)吊起。 magnify vt. 扩大,放大;夸大,夸张。

【真题链接】Between 1981 and 1987, the number of permanent jobs had increased by only 1,000, although training has been substantially_____by the corporation.(2013年3月中国科学院考博试题)

A. boosted

B. curtailed

C. plunged

D. expended

【答案】A。A项“boost”意为“促进,提高”;B项“curtail”意为“剪短,截短”;C项“plunge”意为“把……投入,使突然陷入”;D项“expend”意为“花费,花销”,由句意可知,公司的培训项目得到了显著的提高,因此选择A项。

boot [buːt] n. ①长筒靴;皮靴;胶靴

【同】shoe

②(汽车后部的)行李箱

③(用靴子)一踢

The thief gave me a boot in my stomach.

贼朝我腹部踢了一脚。

【习惯用语】①as old boots (=like old boots)劲头十足地;极厉害地;彻底地 ②be in sb.'s boots处在某人的地位,设身处地为别人想一想 ③beat sb. out of his boots [口] 彻底打败某人

booth [buːð] n. ①(集市上的)货摊

【同】stall, stand

②小间,亭子

border ['bɔːdə(r)] n. ①边;边缘

【同】margin, edge

a blue dress with a white border

一件镶有白边的蓝衣服

②边境;国界

【同】boundary, frontier, link

【习惯用语】①on the border of在……的边界上 将要;接近于,濒临于 ②on the borders在边界上,接近交界处 ③out of [within] borders在国境[领地]外[内]

bore [bɔː(r)] vt. 使厌烦

【同】bother, disturb, upset, annoy, trouble, drill, pierce

n. 令人厌烦的人或事

【同】horror, bother

【习惯用语】①blue bore云隙;一线希望

②bore from within潜入内部进行破坏

【派】boredom, boresome

【考题精解】I felt_____to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's speech.

A. fatigued

B. tired

C. exhausted

D. bored

【答案】D。bore vt. 使厌烦,使厌倦;钻(孔) (如:This book is uninteresting, it bores me. It's a boring book. I'm bored with the subject.)。tired/fatigued/exhausted a. 疲劳的,疲惫的,筋疲力尽的。

boring ['bɔːriŋ] a. 令人厌烦的

【同】dull, uninteresting

born [bɔːn] a. 出生的;生来就……的

【同】natural, inherent, inbred

【习惯用语】①gently born出身名门的,有身份的 ②not born yesterday不是昨天出生的,不是个小娃娃,不是没有经验的 ③born a bit tired生来有点疲倦(对懒人的挖苦话)

boss [bɔs] n. 老板,上司

【同】manager, chief, director

vt. 指挥,对……发号施令

【习惯用语】①pit boss [美俚]矿井工段工头;工头;赌博老板 ②state boss [美]对州政治有巨大影响的职业政客 ③straw boss [美口]工地组长,工头助手

【考题精解】Did you notice how that girl_____all the younger children about?

A. conducted

B. directed

C. bossed

D. commanded

【答案】D。boss (about/around) vt. 指挥,对……发号施令,任意指使(如:Stop bossing me about/around!)。conduct vt. 指挥,引导。direct vt. 指示;管理,指导。command vt. 指挥,命令。

both [bəuθ] a. 双方的

pron. 两者(都),双方(都)

bother ['bɔðə(r)] vt. ①打扰;烦扰

【同】disturb, upset, trouble, bore, annoy,

【反】comfort, quiet

Will it bother you if I turn the television on?

我开电视会吵你吗?

②(常与about, with, to连用)麻烦

Don't bother with/about it. 别为此操心。

③表示不高兴的强调用语

Bother a lot of you! 你们这些人真讨厌!

【习惯用语】bother (oneself) about (=bother one's head about) 为……而操心;为……而费事

【词义辨析】bother, irritate和upset

bother:使人感到不安、烦躁或操心,但程度较轻。作及物动词时,强调动作,并接for, with等介词说明原因。作不及物动词时,指“费心,操心”,常接不定式或介词about、with。irritate:使不愉快,烦恼的程度较深,但比较短暂。此外,它也指使身体某部位“难受、不舒服”。upset:表示紧张不安的反应,通常含有“失望,苦恼,悲哀”之意。

【考题精解】I'm sorry to_____you while you are working, but I must ask you a question about English.

A. interfere

B. intervene

C. intrude

D. bother

【答案】D。bother vt.(以人作主语)打扰,麻烦;(以事物作主语)使烦恼,使难受;vi.(about/to+动词原形)费事,烦心(如:bother sb. with sth.; His rheumatism was bothering him. She never bothers about other people's convenience. Don't bother to get dinner for me tonight.)。interfere (in/with) vi. 干涉,介入;妨碍,干扰。intervene (in/between) vi. 干涉,干预;插话;干扰,阻挠。intrude (upon/in) vi. 擅自进入,闯进,打扰,干预 (intrude upon sb. /sb's privacy/in a dispute)。

bottle ['bɔtl] n. ①瓶

【同】container, vessel, can

a milk bottle牛奶瓶

②酒

John's on the bottle again! 约翰又在喝酒了!

【习惯用语】①be fond of the bottle好酒贪杯,喜欢杯中物 ②black bottle [美] 毒药,毒物 ③bring up [raise] on the bottle用牛奶喂大

bottom ['bɔtəm] n. ①底;底部

【同】base, foot, floor, ground

the bottom of the stairs楼梯底部

②水底

It sank to the bottom of the sea. 它沉到了海底。

③最低的位置

at the bottom of the class班上最末一名

【习惯用语】①Bottoms up! 干杯!②knock the bottom out of除去根基;推翻The bad news knocked the bottom out of market prices. 那个坏消息使整个市场价格混乱不堪。③the top and bottom of it真相;整个事情的原委

bounce [bauns] vi. 弹起来,跳起

【同】jump, leap, spring

vt. 使弹起,使弹回

n. 弹,反弹

【同】spring

bound [baund] a. 必定的;有义务的;开往……的

【同】tied, restrained, going

【反】unbound, free, unrestrained

vi. 跳;跃

The young animals were bounding about the field.

这些小动物在地上跳着跑。

n. [pl.] 界限;边界

【习惯用语】out of bounds越轨,超越限度;禁止入内。This area is out of bounds to persons not concerned. 这一地区禁止闲人入内。

【派】bounce, bouncy

【考题精解】With the joint effort of everyone,the plan is_____to succeed;I'm sure of that.

A. obvious

B. bound

C. doubtless

D. necessary

【答案】B。be bound (to do) 一定的,必然的;be bound to/for a place准备到……去;开往。obvious a. 显然的,明显的。doubtless ad. 无疑地,肯定地(一般不作表语)。necessary a.必要的,必需的;必然的,势必的。

【真题链接】The coming of automation is_____to have important social consequences.(2002年春季上海交通大学考博试题)

A. like

B. frightful

C. bound

D. compelled

【答案】C。本题中,C项“bound受约束的,限制,形成……的疆界”符合题意。短语be bound to的意思是“必定”,如:It's bound to rain soon.(不久就会下雨的。)其他三项“like相似的;frightful可怕的;compelled强迫的”都不正确。

boundary ['baundri] n. ①界线;边界

【同】border, frontier

the boundaries of the country国界

②界限;范围

the boundaries of knowledge知识范围

bow [bau] vi. 鞠躬,点头(以示招呼、同意)

【同】incline, bend, nod

[bəu] n. ①点头,鞠躬

【同】greeting

②弓,弓形物

【同】curve

bowel ['bauəl] n. ①肠

②(pl.) 内部,深处

bowl [bəul] n. 碗,钵

【习惯用语】①flowing bowl [美俚]一大杯酒;酒 ②over the bowl在酒宴上;一边喝酒,一边谈话

bowling ['bəuliŋ] n. 保龄球运动

box [bɔks] n. ①箱;匣;盒

【同】case, packet, parcel

a shoe box鞋盒

②小房间;包厢

【同】cabin, room

a box at the theatre戏院的包厢

③(与其他名词连用)小亭

money box收费亭

【习惯用语】①call box公用电话亭,街头电话亭;[美]专由用户到邮局领取邮件的邮政信箱 ②ditty box (水手、渔民等)装针线等零星杂物的提箱 ③eternity box [俚] 棺材

boy [bɔi] n. ①男孩

【同】waiter, servant

to spend a night with the boys

和一伙男孩度过一个晚上

②儿子

③孩子气的人

【习惯用语】①a slip of a boy瘦长小伙子 ②as happy as a sand boy高兴极了 ③Ata boy! (=Attaboy! At-a-boy! ) [美口]好样儿的! 加油!

boycott ['bɔikɔt] vt. 联合抵制,罢(课、市等)

【同】refuse, embargo, reject, prohibit

n. 联合抵制,罢(课、市等)

brace [breis] n. ①托架,支架

②大括弧,大括号

vt. ①使(手、足、肩等)绷紧

②使……防备,使受锻炼

bracket ['brækit] n. ①托架,托座

②(pl.) 括弧

vt. ①把……置于括号内

②相提并论

brain [brein] n. ①脑

②智慧;智力;思考力

【同】mind, intellect

He's got brains. 他有头脑。

③聪明人

【习惯用语】have sth. on the brain全神贯注在某事上

branch [brɑːntʃ] n. ①树枝

【同】stick

②分支;支流

【同】department, section

a branch of a river河的支流

③(学科的)分科;(语系的)支;族

【同】division

a branch of knowledge知识的分支

【习惯用语】①hold out [extend, tender] the olive branch [olive-branch] 伸出橄榄枝,表示准备讲和 ②olive branch橄榄枝(和平的象征;和好[亲善]的表示)(通常与动词连用)③hold, extend, tender [谚] (一般用复数)小孩,儿童

brass [brɑːs] n. ①黄铜

②黄铜制品

brass ornaments黄铜装饰品

③铜管乐器

【习惯用语】①as bold as brass厚颜无耻②be brassed off厌烦;满腹牢骚 ③big brass高级将领[官员]

brave [breiv] a. 勇敢的

【同】bold, courageous

【反】cowardly

【习惯用语】①None but the brave deserve the fair. [谚]英雄才能配美人。②brave it大摇大摆;满不在乎 ③brave it out拼命干到底

【派】bravely, bravery

breach [briːtʃ] v. 破坏,违反,不履行

【同】break, violate

【反】obey, abide by, follow, observe

bread [bred] n. ①面包

a loaf of bread一个面包

②食物;粮食

our daily bread我们每天的粮食

③生计

【同】food

to earn one's bread维持生活

【习惯用语】break bread with与……共同用餐

breadth [bredθ] n. ①宽度;阔度

【同】width, wideness, broadness

【反】length

What's the breadth of this river?

这条河的宽度是多少?

②广度;幅;幅员

③宽容;大度

breadth of mind宽大的胸怀

【习惯用语】the length and breadth of各处;每一个角落

breakdown ['breikdaun] n. ①垮台,破裂

【同】burst out, collapse

②(健康,精神等)衰竭,衰弱

【同】debility, deterioration

③(机器等)损坏,故障

【同】defects, disruption

breakfast ['brekfəst] n. 早餐

breakthrough ['breikθruː] n. 重大发现,突破

【同】discovery, finding

breast [brest] n. ①乳房

【同】bosom, chest, bust

②胸;胸部

③心(情)

a troubled breast心烦意乱

【习惯用语】①at the breast吃奶的 ②beat one's breast捶胸顿足(表示哀痛)③give(a child)the breast给(婴儿)喂奶

breath [breθ] n. ①呼吸;气息

【同】pant, sigh, instant, moment

a deep breath深呼吸

Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。

How long can you hold your breath? 你能屏住气多长时间?

②气味;香味

③微风

hardly a breath of air几乎没有一点风

【习惯用语】①catch one's breath屏息;歇一口气 ②hold one's breath屏息 ③take breath歇息

【考题精解】The little girl caught her_____as she saw the man fall from the tree.

A. breath

B. heart

C. stomach

D. tongue

【答案】A。catch one's breath(因惊恐或激动而)暂时屏住呼吸;歇口气,喘口气(如:The song was so beautiful it made me catch/hold my breath. After running to the bus stop,we sat down to catch our breath.)(没有其他三个说法)。

breathe [briːð] v. ①呼吸

The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out. 医生叫他先深深吸一口气,然后再把气吐出来。

②生存;活着

the greatest man who ever breathed永存的伟人

③低语

【习惯用语】①breathe down sb.'s neck监视别人工作;紧逼盯人 ②breathe one's last死;去世;断气

breed [briːd] v. ①繁殖;下崽

【同】produce, raise, rear

Some animals will not breed in cages.

有些动物在笼子里不产崽。

②育种

He breeds cattle. 他饲养种牛。

③训练;教育;养育

【同】foster, rear, educate, instruct

n. 种类,品种,血统

【同】species, type, blood, birth

【习惯用语】①ill [well] bred没有 [有] 教养②bred and born (=born and bred) 出身与教养③of the bull-dog breed顽强无畏的,刚毅果断的What's bred in the bone will come out in the flesh. [谚]本性总要表现出来。

breeze [briːz] n. ①微风;和风;柔风

【同】blow, wind, current

②争吵

③轻而易举的工作

bribe [braib] v. 贿赂

brick [brik] n. ①砖

【同】cake, block, lump

a house built of brick一所砖造的房子

②砖状物

a brick of ice cream冰砖

③好心人;可靠的好人

【习惯用语】drop a brick出错

bride [braid] n. 新娘

【习惯用语】bride of the sea海的新娘(即意大利的威尼斯)

bridge [bridʒ] n. ①桥

【同】link, connection

a bridge across the river架在河上的桥

②船桥;舰桥

③鼻梁

brief [briːf] a. 简短的,简洁的

【同】momentary, temporary, short, compact

n. 摘要,概要

【同】summary, abstract, outline

vt. 作简要介绍

【习惯用语】in brief简单地说;简明扼要的

【派】brevity

【长难例句】There is not much time left, so I'll tell you about it in brief.

译文:所剩时间不多了,所以我会简要地把这事讲给你听。

briefcase ['briːfkeis] n. 公文包

bright [brait] a. ①闪光的;明亮的;发光的

【同】brilliant, splendid, lively, cheerful, lighthearted, acute, intelligent, keen

【反】depressed, dispirited, blue, dull, stupid The sun was very bright. 太阳很明亮。

②鲜艳的

【反】dark

bright red鲜红色

③著名的

④聪明的

【习惯用语】bright and early大清早

【派】brightness, brightly, brighten

brighten ['braitn] vt. ①发光

②使发亮;(使)快活起来

【同】lighten, glow

【反】darken, shade

brilliant ['briliənt] a. ①光辉的;辉煌的;灿烂的

【同】bright, glorious, splendid

a brilliant color鲜明的颜色

②卓越的;令人羡慕的

【同】excellent, outstanding, prominent, distinguished a brilliant speaker一位卓越的演说家

③有才能的

a brilliant artist一位有才华的艺术家

【派】brilliantly, brilliance

brim [brim] n. 边缘,帽檐

bring [briŋ] vt. ①拿来;带来

【同】fetch

【反】take

Bring me the book. 把那本书带给我。

②产生;引起

【同】cause, produce, provoke, prompt Spring rains bring summer flowers.

春雨带来了夏日的百花。

③卖;出售

This old car will bring about £1,000.

这辆旧汽车可卖1000镑。

【习惯用语】bring to book要求澄清;受惩罚

【真题链接】As German social theorist Habermas’ Legitimation Crisis explained, once a process governed informally is regulated by the state, it throws into question all other informal processes connected with the original process. Regulations beget regulations.(2013年社科院考博试题)

A. bring about

B. result from

C. end up in

D. take over

【答案】A。beget意为“引发,导致”;A项bring about意为“导致,引起”;B项result from意为“产生于……,发生”;C项end up in意为“最终成为,最后处于”;D项take over意为“接替,接任,接管,接手”。因此选择A项。

brisk [brisk] a. ①轻快的,生气勃勃的

②兴隆的,繁忙活跃的

③寒冷而清新的

British ['britiʃ] a. ①不列颠的;不列颠人的

②英国的;英国人的

③英联邦的

brittle ['britl] a. 易碎的,脆的

【同】fragile, crisp, breakable

broad [brɔːd] a. ①宽的,阔的

【同】extensive, expansive, wide

【反】narrow

broad shoulders宽肩膀

②广泛的;概括的

【同】general, comprehensive

broad opinions概括的意见

③明显的

a broad suggestion明显的建议

【习惯用语】It's as broad as it is long. 半斤八两;彼此相同。

broadcast ['brɔːdkɑːst] n. ①散布;传播

【同】program, newscast

to broadcast the gossip传播流言蜚语

②广播;报道

【同】announce, proclaim

The BBC broadcasts every day.

英国广播公司每天广播。

brochure ['brəuʃə(r)] n. 小册子

【同】booklet, leaflet

broken ['brəukən] a. 破了的,破碎的

bronze [brɔnz] n. 青铜,青铜色,青铜制品

【同】copper, brass

brood [bruːd] vi.(on, over, about)沉思;孵蛋

n. ①(雏鸡等的)一窝

②(一个家庭的)所有孩子

brook [bruk] n. 小溪 vt. [常用于否定句或疑问句]容忍,忍受

broom [bruːm] n. ①金雀花

②扫帚

【习惯用语】①a new broom新就职者,新上任的官员 ②A new broom sweeps clean. 新官上任三把火。③jump the broom [方] 结婚

brother ['brʌðə(r)] n. ①兄弟

②同胞;同事,同志,同僚

We must all stand together, brothers!

弟兄们!我们要团结在一起!

③修士;同教会的会友

【习惯用语】①Big Brother老大哥,貌似仁慈的独裁者,独裁国家[组织] ②blood brother亲兄弟,歃血为盟的兄弟;关系密切的事物③craft brother同行

brow [brau] n. ①额

【同】eyebrow, forehead

②坡顶;山顶

【习惯用语】①bend [knit] one's brows皱眉头,蹙眉 ②have no brow of对……印象不好;不喜欢

brown [braun] a. ①褐色的;棕色的

【同】chocolate

brown eyes棕色的眼睛

②棕色皮肤的

③亚裔的

【习惯用语】①astonish the Browns故意做出使一般人惊讶的事,故作惊人之举 ②Brown Bess [史] 燧石枪(18世纪英国军队用)③Brown, Jones, Robinson布朗,琼斯和鲁宾逊(指普通英国人)

browse [brauz] vi. ①随意翻阅,浏览②(牛、羊等)吃草

bruise [bru:z] n. 青肿,伤痕

【同】injure

v. 打伤,打成青肿

【同】injure

brush [brʌʃ] vt. ①刷子;画笔;毛笔

【同】clean, sweep, wipe, broom

a clothes brush衣刷

②狐狸尾巴

③刷;拂拭

Give my coat a brush. 把我的大衣刷一刷。

【习惯用语】①at a brush一举 ②at a [the] first brush一开头,首先,最初;在最初的小冲突中 ③be tarred with the same brush一丘之貉,一路货色

brutal ['bruːtl] a. 残忍的,野蛮的

【同】cruel, brutish, animal-like, beastly

【反】civilized

【派】brutality

bucket ['bʌkit] n. 水桶,吊桶

【同】pail

【习惯用语】①drop a bucket into an empty well 空井打水,徒劳无益 ②give(sb.)the bucket [俗]解雇(某人)③kick the bucket [俚] 死

bud [bʌd] n. 芽,花蕾

【同】sprout, embryo, shoot, germ

v. 发芽

buffet ['bufei] n. ①(火车站的)饮食柜台, (火车内的)餐车

②自助餐 vt. 反复敲打,连续猛击

【真题链接】In the past few years, the little land-bound country had been_____mercilessly by financial crises.(2004年厦门大学考博试题)

A. deviated

B. expedited

C. decimated

D. buffeted

【答案】D。本题空格处是说无情地受到金融危机的打击。D项“buffeted打击”符合题意,如:flowers buffeted by rain and wind(被风雨摧残的花朵)。其他三项“deviated偏离;expedited加速,派出;decimated大批杀害”都不正确。

bug [bʌɡ] n. 虫子,臭虫

【同】insect

build [bild] vt. 建造,建立

【同】construct, set up, establish, grow, expand

【习惯用语】①not built that way [口]不是那样的人;不是那种性格的人 ②build down降低,衰减 ③build in(房屋等)围绕插进,加入,装入,埋入

【真题链接】We must_____on our reputation to expand the business.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)

A. improve

B. build

C. develop

D. weigh

【答案】B。四个选项的意思分别是improve on改良,更新;build on将...建立 [在……基础上];develop不与en搭配;weigh on成为 [人、心上的] 重担,压迫。句意是,我们必须建立我们的声誉,以此扩大业务。所以正确答案是B选项。

building ['bildiŋ] n. ①建筑物;大楼;大厦

【同】construction

The new hospital is a big building.

这所新医院是一座大建筑物。

②建筑业

【习惯用语】ribbon building(由市区到郊区)沿干道向外伸展的建筑群

bulb [bʌlb] n. ①植物的球茎

②球茎状物;电灯泡

bulk [bʌlk] n. ①容积,体积

【同】volume, size

②大块,大批

【同】mass, magnitude, multitude

③大部分,大多数

【同】majority, body

【考题精解】The oceans form the_____of the earth's surface.

A. bulk

B. majority

C. body

D. mains

【答案】A。bulk n.(与the连用)主体,绝大部分;(巨大的)物体,(大)块;(巨大的)体积,(大)量(如:The bulk of the people voted. The bulk of the work is finished. Things are usually cheaper if they are bought in bulk.)majority n.(指人或物的)多数,大多数。body n. 物体;主体。main n.(常用复数)(自来水的)主管道;总电源。

bullet ['bulit] n. 子弹

【习惯用语】①bite (on) the bullet咬紧牙关忍受痛苦;表现勇敢;硬着头皮顶下去②Every bullet has its billet. [谚] 凡事皆由天定;命中注定。③get the bullet [俚] 使解雇

bulletin ['bulətin] n. ①公告;告示;公报

【同】notice, announcement

the latest bulletin about the President's health

总统健康状况的最新公报

②新闻简报

bully ['buli] n. 恃强欺弱者

vt. 威吓,欺负

【同】terrorize, frighten

bump [bʌmp] n. ①撞,碰撞

【同】clash, shock, jolt, hit

②肿块

【同】round swelling

vt. 撞,碰撞

【同】hit, shake, push, collide

【考题精解】The room was dark and I_____my head against the door.

A. nodded

B. crushed

C. hurt

D. bumped

【答案】D。bump (against/into) v. 碰,撞(如:I've bumped my knee against/on the wall. The blind man bumped into a little girl.)。nod vi. 点头(表示同意某人的看法或对某人致意);打盹;vt. 点头表示(后面直接跟表示同意、赞成的名词)。crush vt. 压碎,碾碎;镇压,压倒。hurt vt. 使受伤,弄痛;伤……的感情。

bunch [bʌntʃ] n. ①一束;一串

【同】chain, pack, bundle

a bunch of flowers一束花

②一群;一帮

【习惯用语】①a bunch of fives [俚] 拳头,手②the best (pick) of the bunch [basket] 精华,一批或一群中的最佳者

【考题精解】Arthur came up the garden with a large_____of yellow roses in his hand.

A. bundle

B. bunch

C. batch

D. parcel

【答案】B。bunch n. 束,串,捆 (a bunch of flowers;a bunch of grapes;a bunch of bananas;a bunch of letters;a bunch of keys)。bundle n. (东西的一)捆,包,束 (a bundle of magazines/books/clothes)。batch n.(一次处理的)一批,一组,一群。parcel n. 包裹,小包。

bundle ['bʌndl] n. ①捆;束;包

【同】package, packet, parcel, bunch a bundle of clothes一捆衣服

②(神经、肌肉等的)纤维束

【习惯用语】①a bundle of nerves极度紧张不安;碰到一点小事就惊恐或生气的人 ②be a bundle of negatives一无是处,什么都不行③do [go] a bundle on [美俚]非常喜爱

burden ['bəːdn] n. ①负荷;负担;重载

【同】weight, charge, freight, duty, responsibility, obligation

He could not carry the burden alone.

他一人挑不起这副担子。

②重任

③要点;主题;主旨

the burden of the story小说的主题

【习惯用语】①A burden of one's own choice is not felt. 自愿挑担不嫌重;自己的孩子背着不嫌沉。②bear the burden and heat of the day吃苦耐劳;完成责任 ③lay down life's burden死

bureau ['bjuərəu] n. ①(上有移动覆盖的)大书桌,写字台

②(政府机构的)局,部,处

【同】department, section, office

a travel bureau旅游局

bureaucracy [bjuə'rɔkrəsi] n. 官僚主义,官僚机构

【派】bureaucrat, bureaucratic, bureaucratically

burglar ['bəːɡlə(r)] n. 夜盗

【同】thief, robber, intruder

【派】burglary

burn [bəːn] v. ①燃烧

【同】flame, hurt, injury, wound

The house is burning. 房子烧起来了。

②发光;照亮

a light burning灯光亮着

③发热;炙热

the burning sand炙热的沙子

【习惯用语】①There you burn!(捉迷藏)我可抓到你了!(解决问题时说)答案快找到了!②burn away继续燃烧;逐渐烧完;烧光;烧毁 ③burn down全部焚毁;火势减弱

burst ['bəːst] vi. ①爆炸;胀裂

【同】explode, blow up, blast, crack, split

②突然而起;闯入

She burst through the door. 她突然闯进门。

③充满;满盈

I am bursting with joy. 我高兴得不得了。

【考题精解】In a sudden_____of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.

A. attack

B. split

C. burst

D. blast

【答案】C。burst n. 爆炸,爆裂;突然一阵(如:His every sentence was followed by a burst of applause from the audience. The rain had now ceased,and a burst of sun came through the clouds.)。attack n. 攻击,进攻;(病的)发作。split n. 分裂,裂口。blast n. 爆炸;一阵(疾风等),一阵(强烈的气流)。

bury ['beri] vt. ①埋葬

【同】entomb

Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 矿上发生意外事故时,许多矿工都被埋在了地下。

②隐藏;掩蔽

【同】hide, conceal, cover up

【反】uncover, expose

The dog has buried a bone. 狗藏了一根骨头。

【习惯用语】①be buried alive被活埋;隐居②buried under为……所压倒,沉浸于,忙于③bury (oneself) in埋头于;专心于;退居于(乡间等)

【派】burial

bus [bʌs] n. ①公共汽车

In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school.

有些城市里只有当孩子们住的地方离开学校一英里以外时才使用校车接送。

②汽车,飞机

bush [buʃ] n. ①灌木;矮树

【同】backwoods, shrub

②(澳洲或非洲的)未开垦的丛林地

【习惯用语】①bang the bush(=drag the bush up, take the rag off the bush)[美口]最好的,第一流的 ②beat about [around] the bush打草拨丛寻觅猎物;转弯抹角地谈话,旁敲侧击 ③beat the bushes搜寻猎物;搜寻;物色

busy ['bizi] a. ①繁忙的;没有空的

【同】engaged, occupied

He is busy now. 他现在很忙。

②忙碌的

【同】industrious, diligent

【反】free, leisurely

a busy day忙碌的一天

③占用着的,占线的

【同】engaged in use

The telephone line is busy. 电话占线。

【习惯用语】①busy oneself with [about, in] 忙于 ②get busy [美口] 干起来,开始工作[奔走,活动] ③keep sb. busy不让某人空闲,使某人有事做

but [bət, bʌt] conj. ①而是;但是

【同】however, yet, nevertheless, except, aside from, only, just

Not one, but two! 不是一,而是二!

②尽管……还是

tired but happy尽管累却很快活

③可是;然而

I was going to write, but I lost your address.

我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。

butcher ['butʃə(r)] n. ①肉商,肉贩

②屠夫

vt. ①屠宰

②残杀

butter ['bʌtə(r)] n. 黄油 vt. 涂黄油

【习惯用语】①apple butter苹果酱;[美方] 圆滑讨好的话,闲聊 ②(as) fat as butter肥胖的③lay on [spread] the butter奉承,巴结;灌米汤

butterfly [`bʌtəflai] n. 蝴蝶,蝶形

button ['bʌtn] n. 纽扣;按钮

v. 扣上,扣紧

【同】fasten

buy [bai] v. 买,购买

【同】purchase

buzz [bʌz] vi. ①发出嗡嗡声

【同】hum

②忙乱,急行

③发出嘈杂的谈话声

【同】murmur

n. ①嗡嗡声

【同】humming

②嘈杂的谈话声

【同】murmuring

by [bai] prep. 在……旁边;经由;(指时间)……之前;被,由;根据,按照

【同】near, before, through, according to

ad. 在近旁,经过

by-business n. 副业,兼职

by-product n. 副产品

【考题精解】It was a small country house, but it was large_____urban standards.

A. at

B. for

C. by

D. from

【答案】C。by…standards按照……的标准来衡量(不与其他三个介词搭配)。

bypass/by-pass ['baipɑːs] n. ①(绕过市镇的)旁道,迂回道

②分流术,旁通管

vt. ①绕过,绕……走

②越过,置……于不顾